Nursing Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Nursing Leadership - Essay Example To for all intents and purposes compute the expense of nursing care, I alluded to an orthopedic unit, which had 12 patients who were at various circumstances and had distinctive sharpness levels. PCS would be determined on the following: To for all intents and purposes ascertain the expense of nursing care, I alluded to an orthopedic unit, which had 12 patients who were at various circumstances and had distinctive sharpness levels. PCS would be determined on the following:â †¢ 4 patients were in a condition to be released and had keenness level 1: 4 X 1= 4.†¢ 4 patients were under treatment and had sharpness level 4: 4 X 4= 16.†¢ 4 patients were under ordinary had sharpness level 2: 4 X 2= 8.This aggregate of 28 hours would be extended by including further 48 hours of a 8-hour move for 8 patients who didn't release in 8 hours which makes a sum of 76 hours. This amazing aggregate of 76 hours can be utilized to decide Full-Time Equivalent (FTE) for a unit.However, thi s equation doesn't give a precise worth since it doesn't have space for fluctuations made by circumstances. For example, if a patient was getting 2 hours and later requests 3 hours because of some vulnerability in patient’s condition. The expense is as yet being assessed for 2 hours and in this way giving 3 hours till the patient get steady. To kill these distinctions, Relative Value Unit as a list number is given to every unit dependent on the measure of assets which can be figured out how to create nursing care. For occasion, $1,250,000 is given to a unit which has all out RVUs of 5,196.50.... 4 patients were under treatment and had keenness level 4: 4 X 4= 16. 4 patients were under ordinary had keenness level 2: 4 X 2= 8. This aggregate of 28 hours would be extended by including further 48 hours of a 8 hour move for 8 patients who didn't release in 8 hours which makes a sum of 76 hours. This great aggregate of 76 hours can be utilized to decide Full Time Equivalent (FTE) for a unit. Be that as it may, this equation doesn't give a precise worth since it doesn't have space for changes made by circumstances. For example if a patient was getting 2 hours and later requests 3 hours because of some vulnerability in patient’s condition. The expense is as yet being assessed for 2 hours and therefore giving 3 hours till the patient get steady. To kill these distinctions, Relative Value Unit as a list number is given to every unit dependent on measure of assets (work and capital) which can be figured out how to create nursing care (Kelly, 2008). For example $1,250,000 is give n to a unit which has all out RVUs of 5,196.50. The sum will be isolated by RVU’s to draw out the expense per RVU. For example $1,250,000/5,196.50 = $ 240.55 per RVU. Therefore the expense of one patient of level 4 sharpness will be $ 240.55 X 4= $962.2 for one day. This recipe of figuring the nursing cost doesn't either gives a precise expense since circumstances can change and can request overabundance assets. Accordingly there is no precise computation framework to perceive definite nursing cost. Everything relies upon the sharpness level which itself isn't sure yet changes as indicated by patients conditions. These outcomes can help plot the nursing care spending which is useful to imagine all pro’s and con’s to later arrangement with the funds emotionally (Kelly, 2008). Dq2#2)

World philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

World way of thinking - Essay Example My convictions were bolstered with my encounters with the psychological world, and with the guide of a rich creative mind, I had the option to join the like components to those that I don't by and by understanding. Similarly for what it's worth with the Indians who have faith in reality that the sun lives in the earth, their way of life takes into account the possibility that everything in the Indian world are associated with one another, in â€Å"profound unity,† may it be lifeless or vivify, life is accepted to exist in the embodiment of these things (Momaday, 190). With the sun, the Indians have appended to it a nature that can nearly be human by temperance for its conduct in the sky with which they can some way or another identify with. As Momaday composes, â€Å"the sun-watcher among the Rio Grande Pueblos, whose consecrated undertaking it is to watch, every day, the very purpose of the sun’s development on the horizon, knows in the profundities of his being that the sun is alive and that it is inseparable with the earth, and he alludes to the most remote eastern plateau as â€Å"the sun’s house† (190), the sun-watcher courts the sun which resembles a lady bein g charmed, and the sun being that character is relied upon to go back home. They consider this to be as a reality in light of the fact that the sun experiences changes similarly as an individual would, and seems to move over the sky as would a voyager, and these the Indians take the stand. They consider what they see as basically as what their sight would lead them to comprehend. For what could be more true than to really encounter direct through their own faculties the system of that was around them. Close by the Indians’ adoration to a â€Å"living† sun is their distinctive view of a time allotment. What's more, this assorted idea of time, which is very withdrawn from our Western Industrialized idea of time, holds a component of safeguarding of minutes. What's more, maybe this is vastly improved, talking about regarding

Intro to Fiction A Rioters College Journey

Intro to Fiction A Rioters College Journey One of the major qualifications for writing at  Book Riot is being an avid reader, obviously. Having a college degree, however, is not one. Despite two attempts at it in my twenties, a mountain of college credit, and parallel mountain of student loans, I do not have a college degree. But Im back at it again! Now, in my mid-thirties, Im pursuing a degree in English: Creative Writing. After successfully acing a Shakespeare class last semester, your beardiest Rioter just finished tackling Introduction to Fiction. Yep. Guy who has read at least 50 books a year for three straight years finally got his introduction. Heres how it went. The Awakening by Kate Chopin Believe it or not, I had not read this little gem of early feminism  before. While I loved the concept of a woman (particularly in that time period) going against the grain and finding herself, I really didnt like the book. I can never get on board with adultery and I found the metaphors too heavy-handed. Our reading of Henrik Ibsens A Dolls House in conjunction with The Awakening, however, was much better. Of course, I was a theater major my first time in college and no stranger to Ibsens work. Brave New World by Aldous Huxley Brave New World by Aldous Huxley I first read Huxleys dystopian masterpiece back in high school. At the time, it became my favorite novel. A number of years later, I was troubled by the things that Huxley did not write about. Brave New World uses satire to put traditional families and religion on pedestals by showing a frightening world that lacks both. However, despite the everyone belongs to everyone mentality, there is no homosexuality in Brave New World. Race is barely mentioned. Reading it now, I was disturbed that  Huxley was unable to keep his own biases out of the satire. Inherit the Wind by Jerome Lawrence and Robert Edwin Lee Thats right, a play! I had some familiarity with this work from my time in theater, but Id never read it or seen it performed. If found it fairly typical of plays in that time period, with a great core story and colorful, if overdrawn characters. Its a bit disappointing that there are no great and easily accessible recordings of performances available to watch. I was always taught that plays are meant to be performed and viewed, not read. So there is always something lost with reading from the page. While Inherit the Wind was a pleasant read, its obvious why it is performed far less than The Crucible, another play intended as a commentary on McCarthyism. Arthur Millers work is far more intricate and beautiful. The Known World by Edward P. Jones The Known World by Edward P. Jones How Id never read or even heard of this book is beyond me. Its right up my alley and was a brilliant, beautiful, layered read. Jones use of an omniscient, third-person narrator takes some getting used to, but once I settled in, I couldnt put it down. Jones use of anecdotes as backstories for even the most trivial of characters was particularly charming. I thought he did it specifically with slaves because they were not viewed as people in their own time; Jones wanted the reader to know that each one was a person with their own thoughts, feelings, and stories. I was a little worried about taking an Introduction to Fiction class when fiction was already my favorite thing, but I kept an open mind. The class was filled with bright young minds that made for excellent discussion. I learned very quickly to read slower and with copious sticky notes, because I just cannot bring myself to write in the margins. I learned just how much our life experiences change our views of books (Im twice the age of some students in the class). I also shared a number of suggested readings with the class based on my Book Riot experiences. In the end, I finished with a flourishing final essay examining perspectives in The Known World, Toni Morrisons Beloved, and Harper Lees To Kill a Mockingbird. Oh, and Im rocking a solid A awaiting only the final essay grade. Im bound and determined to make sure this is my last (and highly successful) attempt at college. Stay in school, kids.

Brave New World The Advancement of Science - 1450 Words

Brave New World: The Advancement of Science Christy Campbell Mrs. Doig Eng OAC 2 16 May, 1996 When thinking of progress, most people think of advances in the scientific fields, believing that most discoveries and technologies are beneficial to society. Are these advances as beneficial as most people think? In the novel Brave New World, the author Aldous Huxley, warns readers that scientific advances can be a threat to society. This is particularly evident in the fields of biology, technology and psychology. According to Huxley, The theme of Brave New World is not the advancement of science as such; it is the advancement of science as it affects human individuals(Huxley CLC 79 290). One scientific advance of which Huxley warns†¦show more content†¦Games consist of advanced technological apparatus, and low organization, creating very superficial entertainment. According to Huxley, this frustrates one of humanitys vital needs to be creative. Men no longer amuse themselves creatively but sit passively amused by mechanical devices(Hillegas 115). Among technological advances, one danger Huxley warns of is the advance in pharmacology. In Brave New World, an artificial form of happiness is present in a drug called soma. Soma propels the user into a hallucinatory dream world, pro viding relief from negativity, allowing constant happiness People are rewarded for work by receiving rations of soma. The soma ration varies according to the social classes, with the lowest classes receiving the least, and the highest classes receiving the greatest. Society is conditioned to believe that One cubic centimetre cures ten gloomy sentiments(Huxley Brave New World 53). This reasoning deceives the user into believing that soma is a cure- all remedy. Since soma has no side effects, it can be a threat to society because people may be drugged into a hallucinatory dream world twenty-four hours a day. It could be used as a drug not to escape the pressures of life, but to escape life itself. Similar to biology, technology can be a danger to society if used without regard for the welfare of mankind. Finally, the most dangerous of all scientific advancements Huxley warnsShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Aldous Huxley s Brave New World 1153 Words   |  5 PagesMartin Perez Honors English 4 Mr. Valdez Period.5 March 21 2016 The advancement of science can progress throughout the years, it is the effect that will make a long lasting impression on humanity. In the novel Brave New World by Aldous Huxley, one sees the dystopian society in which the advancements of science have reigned supremacy over morals and human ethics. By the advancement of science throughout the Brave New World and the way it is implemented in their society one sees the effect on humanRead MoreBrave New World Discussion Questions1321 Words   |  6 PagesBrave New World Discussion Questions Question 1: Each novel immerses us, instantly, into a world that simultaneously is foreign and familiar. Establish the characteristics of the society that the author creates and analyze the intricacies (complexities) of the society being presented. In what ways is it like and unlike our own society? In Aldous Huxley’s science fiction novel Brave New World, a distinct society is illustrated. The author depicts a civilization that is specifically based on severalRead MoreThe Great Depression Of The Brave New World934 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout the Brave New World there were many interesting things that occurred, but would not be acceptable within today s society. As human have become more civilized the evolution of eugenics, economies, and politics recently occurring events could lead one to believe that humans will eventually have a society like the one in Brave New World . The first example is how every country s economy is in some type of national debt. If major economy were to collapses it will cause a rippleRead MoreEssay On Brave New World And Gattaca953 Words   |  4 PagesMedical advancements are very important for extending the quality and quantity of life, however a strong moral compass is needed to make sure, in the name of science, ethical and m oral science are not crossed. Brave New World, written by Aldous Huxley, and the movie Gattaca propose a technologically advanced society that challenges these ethical and moral views. Although Brave New World and Gattaca relate in the aspect of genetic discrimination, they differ in the limits and powers of technologyRead MoreEssay on Huxleys Brave New World1362 Words   |  6 Pageslife. However, it comforted society so much that society started to depend on it too much. By depending on it too much, society allowed technology to replace the use of one’s mind. In Brave New World, Huxley predicts what is happening in today’s world and what will continue happening in the near future. In Huxley’s world, everything is based on technology and the people that live there are pretty much dehumanized. And all of this starts in small test tubes with embryos inside of them. In this societyRead MoreThe Island Of Dr. Moreau, Wells And Aldous Huxley s Brave New World1492 Words   |  6 Pages Science and technological advancement require limits according to H.G. Wells and Aldous Huxley; their respective novels argue that the loss of individuality is inevitable when science attempts to perfect every aspect of society. Technology without laws holds the danger to eliminate individuality and ultimately requires humans to assimilate to a new standard without error and within the bounds of scientific advancement. In H.G. Wells’ novel The Island of Dr. Moreau, Wells argues the influence technologyRead More 1984 And Brave New World Essay566 Words   |  3 Pages Brave New World and 1984nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;As I read Brave New World and 1984, I noticed how some of Aldous Huxley and George Orwell’s prophecies are becoming true. As science and technology progresses, we have the opportunity to alter few aspects of our lives, even though our freedom and privacy may be in jeopardy. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In Brave New World, science allows babies to be artificially produced in a laboratory. Nowadays, parentsRead More The Application of Utopia in Brave New World Essay1190 Words   |  5 PagesThe Application of Utopia in Brave New World      Ã‚   Aldous Huxleys Brave New World illustrates the loss of morality when established standards are replaced by amoral criteria.   In his novel, Huxley criticizes the practical applications of Utopia in actual society. Huxleys depiction of love, science, and religion support the ineffectiveness of implementing Utopia in everyday life.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Brave New World, Huxley shows contempt for the human emotion of love.  Read MoreCriticism of Practical Application of Utopia in Brave New World1192 Words   |  5 PagesUtopia in Brave New World Debra Ackerman Mrs. Eileen Waite Criticism of Practical Application of Utopia in Brave New World Aldous Huxleys Brave New World illustrates the loss of morality when established standards are replaced by amoral criteria. In his novel, Huxley criticizes the practical applications of Utopia in actual society. Huxleys depiction of love, science, and religion support the ineffectiveness of implementing Utopia in everyday life. In Brave New World, Huxley showsRead MoreBrave New World Vs. Today Essay717 Words   |  3 Pages Close your eyes and imagine a world free of war, suffering and pain; an environment that provides all the necessary luxuries to maintain eternal happiness; one that is stable, friendly, peaceful and enjoyable. In this world, every inconvenience known to man is rid of. We are no longer affected by disease, aging, heartbreak, depression or loneliness; conformity is at hand and stability is achieved. Now envision a world where there is no love, families do not exist, humans are no longer

Individual Rights Versus Public Order Essay - 1644 Words

The basis of criminal justice in the United States is one founded on both the rights of the individual and the democratic order of the people. Evinced through the myriad forms whereby liberty and equity marry into the mores of society to form the ethos of a people. However, these two systems of justice are rife with conflicts too. With the challenges of determining prevailing worth in public order and individual rights coming down to the best service of justice for society. Bearing a perpetual eye to their manifestations by the truth of how the trade-off between freedom and security, so often proposed so seductively, very often leads to the loss of both (Hitchens, 2003, para. 5). The first inception of individual rights began with the†¦show more content†¦Forced to balance order against rights, the community versus the individual, and private issues as opposed to public ones in each moment on the job. In a race that individual rights often seems to lose without the full support of its people and government behind it as is necessary. Leading to public order, which one could say is simply the absence of disorder in a public place. Demonstrated by the immense amount of time law enforcement officials spend merely maintaining public order as punishment of crimes against such are intended to uphold minimum standards of civility. These crimes are largely considered victimless or consensual crimes, which Siegel (2004) references as crime which [sic] involves acts that interfere with the operations of society and the ability of people to function efficiently. Generally considered as those inclusive of: alcoholism, deviant sex, disorderly conduct, driving while intoxicated, drug offenses, homosexuality, liquor law violations, pornography, precocious sex, prostitution, and public drunkenness (Siegel, 2004). Public order is thus necessary for the simple reason that, if order is not maintained, there will be total chaos. Society would have the freedom to do as they please in public; in turn this would put other citizens in danger. For example, the public order crime of driving while intoxicated, if notShow MoreRelatedIndividual Rights Versus Public Order10036 Words   |  41 PagesIndividual Rights 1 Individual Rights Versus Public Order Individual Rights 2 Public order and individual rights are not new controversy and how, since, Immemorial, governments and individual citizens have had to walk a thin tightrope between the two ideals. This controversy was the catalyst that sparked the first ten amendments of the Constitution that we know as the Bill of RightsRead MoreThe Problem Of Making Unethical Choices938 Words   |  4 Pagesand ‘administrative evil’ (Svara, 2015,p.110) o Systematic corruption occurs when the military system of following orders, apply directly in the public service, forces participants to follow instructions and punished those who resist, even though the instructions is unethical and it means the suffering of some citizens. o Government claimed to have been abide by and maintain law and order, but contradicted by their practices. ï‚ § They unwilling to release a criminal suspect who is a military officer.Read MoreComparing The Crime Control Law Enforcement1218 Words   |  5 PagesWhen comparing the crime control law enforcement approach in contrast to the approach the rights-based approach to law enforcement it is import to the differences in being a crime fighter versus a public servant. The dynamics of each bring uniquely different philosophical objectives and outcomes for the public. What is the primary role of law enforcement? Some would argue combating crime is the primary role. Others would argue providing protection through service is the primary role. In either caseRead MoreWhat Is Economic Freedom?1509 Words   |  7 PagesDelano Roosevelt â€Å"True individual freedom cannot exist without economic security and independence†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . Combine the sayings of these two great men and we get the true essence of what it really means to have economic freedom. In more technical terms, for an indi vidual to have economic freedom is to have complete authority over his/her own property and independence to choose how to produce sell and use your own resources while respecting the others’ right to do the same. In order to truly explain whatRead MorePublic Administration and Ethics Essay677 Words   |  3 PagesPublic Administration amp; Ethics In public administration, decisions are a lot of times made based upon ethical principles, which are the perception of what the general public would agree is correct. This helps keep the administrators ethical because they first must ask themselves if they will be under public scrutiny if they don’t make an ethical decision. Ethics has also placed additional burden on public administrators regarding how they handle their personal lives. When a person entersRead MoreWhat is the Bill of Rights?1440 Words   |  6 PagesThe Bill of Rights Essay â€Å"Rightful liberty is unobstructed action according to our will within limits drawn around us by the equal rights of others.I do not add ‘within the limits of the law because law is often but the tyrants’ will,and always so when it violates the rights of the individual† -Thomas Jefferson. The Constitution was created because of the ineffectiveness of the Articles of Confederation did not simply protecting the rights of the people which the Founding Fathers was concernedRead MoreMarbury v Madison: Judicial Review1185 Words   |  5 Pagesshould this power be used to curtail national legislative power and increase the liberties given to individuals? During the period around the Great Depression, the court dealt with many economic cases regarding these questions, and at first glance, it appears that they did not seem to favor either the government or the individual. Looking closer, however, one sees that the cases that side with the individual struck down legis lation that interfered with the commerce clause or police power. When legislationRead MoreSpecial Bond Between Fellow Police Officers Essay1730 Words   |  7 PagesIt is safe to say that one of the most arduous and taxing, both physically and mentally, occupations in the country right now would be that of a police officer. Just imagine having to witness half of the atrocities these brave men and women must endure through, knowing that to them it is â€Å"just another day at the office.† Unfortunately, police officers are not, by any means, impervious to these scenes and some are even traumatized by it. This is why it is up to their fellow officers, their brothersRead MoreThe Death Of A Pregnant Woman1192 Words   |  5 PagesNatural Rights to Life Committee, 2004). Before the Public Law 108-212 was ever put in place, the unborn child was not recognized as a separate victim when involved in violent acts of crime. As stated before, for years now, many unjust cases in the United States have been brought forth in the fight for the rights of an unborn child to be recognized as a loss of human life. In turn this has led to many cases being unjustified, as many people have put forth the action to fight for the rights of theRead MoreThe Negative Portrayal Of Celebrities1611 Words   |  7 PagesA single photograph - how it is captured, the angle in which it was shot, the context behind it - can alter the perception of reality. One image, if executed maliciously, can create such an intense pernicious effect on the individual photographed, that it can cause undue effects on their reputation, or even psychological state. Celebrities often find themselves victimized by the paparazzi in this way, and breakdowns due to a negative appearance in the spotlight have become prevalent in modern day

Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet Free Essays

â€Å"In time we hate that which we often fear† – William Shakespeare. Shakespeare understood what most do not: the true nature of hatred. Since most people do not realise that their hatred simply masks their fears, they   never confront the real problem. We will write a custom essay sample on Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet or any similar topic only for you Order Now Consequently, hate continues to ruin countries, cities and families. This notion of hatred is never more evident than in Shakespeare’s tragic play, Romeo and Juliet. In this play, the characters’ hatred masks their fear of being powerless and drives them to prove their superiority, but this only causes their destruction. First, characters identify with imaginary labels such as power and courage to mask their self-doubt and to feel belonging. For instance, Tybalt tries to prove his superiority over the Montagues by projecting himself as powerful and socially dominant. When he sees Romeo intruding on the Capulet feast, he insults him as a â€Å"slave† (1.5.54) that he should â€Å"†¦by the stock and honour of [his] kin / To strike him dead [he] holds it not a sin† (1.5.56-58). Tybalt belittles the Montagues as worthless slaves that he should punish and kill without guilt. Therefore, he will rid Verona of their filthiness and prove his social power. Likewise, Sampson pretends to be a courageous warrior to improve his reputation and social standing. To Gregory, Sampson can easily portray himself as â€Å"†¦a tyrant† (1.1.19) that after having â€Å"fought with the men, †¦ will be civil with the maids; / [and] cut off their heads† (1.1.20-21). In short, they use their illusions of power and courage to deceive others and themselves into welcoming and accepting them.However, when humiliated, their illusions are destroyed and their insecurities are threatened to be revealed which leaves them defenceless to exclusion. In fact, when Tybalt is stripped of his power and forced into submission, he runs away ashamed to hide his inferiority. After arguing with Capulet, Tybalt is forced to leave his own banquet which with his â€Å"patience perforce with wilful choler meeting† (1.5.88) makes his â€Å"†¦ flesh tremble† (1.5.89). Tybalt trembles with rage and shame due to his forced submission to Capulet which proves he has no true social power as he must obey orders not command them. Similarly, Sampson quickly shies away from a fight when confronted by the Montague servants to hide his cowardice. Sampson urges Gregory to fight as he â€Å"will [supposedly] back thee† (1.1.35) and to â€Å"take the law on [their] sides, let them begin† (1.1.35) although he proclaimed himself a merciless tyrant. When he is confronted with a fight, Sampson backs away and encourages Gregory to take the lead which proves he is just a narcissistic coward. In other words, when the inferiority and cowardice of characters are exposed, they scramble to hide their true identities.As expected, to regain their lost status, characters resort to aggression to distract others from their vulnerability. For example, Mercutio, feeling offended and disgraced, quickly belittles Tybalt to regain control of the situation and his social power. Angered by Romeo’s â€Å"†¦ calm, dishonourable, vile submission† (3.1.70), Mercutio disgraces Tybalt as a â€Å"rat-catcher† (3.1.72) and challenges him to a fight so â€Å"‘Alla stoccata’ carries it away† (3.1.71). Mercutio challenges Tybalt to a fight so that people will fear him, remember him as a strong, brave fighter and remember Tybalt as a ‘rat-catcher’. In the same manner, Romeo immediately challenges Tybalt to a duel to avenge Mercutio and justify that he caused his death. Romeo decides that someone needs to â€Å"keep [Mercutio] company: / Either thou or [Romeo], or both, must go with him† (3.1.124-125). Romeo, infuriated, allows his emotions to take control and seeks revenge to justify and compensate for his cowardly submission which caused Mercutio’s death. In other words, characters that lose their illusions of power and courage struggle to feel accepted due to their fear of rejection, so they violently and desperately defend themselves.Undoubtedly, they do not achieve their goal of self-redemption and only continue the cycle of hatred which creates a never-ending path of destruction. In fact, Mercutio’s violent attempt to gain social power blinds his reason and brings about his social and physical downfall. After being struck, Mercutio exclaims â€Å"I am hurt† (3.1.86) while his opponent-Tybalt- has â€Å"gone and hath nothing† (3.1.88). Mercutio’s attempt to prove himself powerful ends with his death not Tybalt’s. This proves that aggression is not the solution and only ensures self destruction. In contrast, Romeo’s mother-Lady Montague- pays the consequence of death for Romeo’s rash decisions. Before discovering his dead son, Montague declares: â€Å"†¦my wife is dead tonight / Grief of my son’s exile hath stopp’d her breath† (5.3.210-211). Romeo’s impulsive actions, which lead to his exile, causes his mother’s death which proves that when characters resort to violence, they not only unintentionally destroy themselves but take down others too. In other words, when characters project their self-hate unto others through aggression, they cause their own destruction and collateral damage. How to cite Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet, Papers

Internet History Report Essays - ARPANET, Cultural Globalization

Internet History Report The Internet was created in 1969 by scientists working for ARPA. ARPA stands for advanced research projects agency, and was formed to create a network of computers that could save information in the event of a nuclear attack. UCLA, Stanford Research Institute (SRI), UC Santa Barbara (UCSB), and the University of Utah in Salt Lake City were the first ARPANET locations. The ARPANET is what is now called the Internet. The plan was unprecedented: A professor at UCLA, and his small group of graduate students hoped to log onto the Stanford computer and try to send it some data. They would start by typing login, and asking by telephone if the letters appeared on the far-off monitor. On their first attempt, the "L" and "O" were transmitted successfully, but after they typed the letter "G" the system crashed. From 1969 to 1983 a lot of different packet switching schemes were tried and TCP/IP is what grew OUT of ARPANET, not what started ARPANET. During most of the seventies, the protocol was generally referred to as just the Network Control Protocol or NCP. The term Internet was probably first applied to a 1973 research program that culminated in a demonstration system in 1977. It demonstrated networking through various mediums, including satellite, radio, telephone, ethernet, etc. using packet switching. And this formed the roots of the Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol (TCP/IP). But it was not until 1983 that all nodes on ARPANET were required to use TCP/IP to connect to it. Also in 1983, the Department of Defense moved the unclassified portions of the Data Defense Network to create MILLET. Then in January 1983, the ARPA Internet first appears and operation was passed to the Defense Communications Agency. The first operating, non-experimental, real live Internet with a capital network, was a military network with a couple of hundred computers connected to it. Universities and the general public were not welcome on the ARPANET. It was a network for Department of Defense contractors and military sites. Then a group of military contractors with strong ties to business and universities not on the MILLET were constantly in a situation where many of their peers were not on the Net while they were on. They began campaigning for access for other researchers. In 1984 the National Science Foundation established an office for networking. a number of universities and research groups actually did get access to ARPANET. In 1993, Tim Lee created an interface to the World Wide Web he called Mosaic. The NSF actually funded further development of a Macintosh and Microsoft Windows version of Mosaic through a grant to the University. The first Microsoft Windows version appeared about November of 1993. The Mosaic Web Browser put a pretty face on the Internet. You could navigate the World Wide Web by clicking on links with the mouse. More importantly, it allowed users to add players for sound, video clips, or anything else they wanted to add. Today, advanced Mosaic browsers such as Netscape have added other functions quite beyond World Wide Web, including electronic mail. Electronic mail, or E-mail as it is commonly called, was invented by Ray Tomlinson in 1971 as a way of sending messages of the Internet to other users on-line. His program for sending E-mail was called SNDMSG, which stands for send message. Now E-mail has grown so much that next year people will send an estimated 6 trillion messages. A new use for the Internet that is influencing the lives of many Internet users is the creation of E-wrestling leagues. E-wrestling is a type of game in which you create wrestling matches over E-mail. You can challenge other members of your E-fed (a group of members in your league) by posting messages on the message board. The other member will then respond to your challenge by writing back on the message board. If the commissioner approves of the match then he will send an E-mail to the two members telling when the match will take place. There are two ways a commissioner can create matches, depending on the rules of your federation. One way is to write out the entire match. This takes a long time and the results are based on the opinion of the

International Trade Simulation

International Trade Simulation International Trade Simulation"International trade is the exchange of goods and services between countries." (Heakal, 2007). International trade is helpful to the economy. The trade allows countries to exchange goods in order to have an assorted supply for the residents. The trade brings in supply which creates more demand and the economy grows.The international trade simulation shows the reasons for the international trade. The purpose of the simulation is to make decisions and study the outcomes. This is a three part simulation. The first part is to decide which countries to trade with. The second part is to decide which goods will be exported or imported. Finally the decision will be made on whether or not to impose trade restrictions.Advantages and Limitations of International TradeInternational trade has both advantages and limitations. An International trade advantage is that a country's wealth potential can be maximized. Supply and demand can increase.English: comparative adva ntage in economicsThe country should then export corn and import cheese. Suntize had an advantage in producing electronic goods while Uthania had an advantage in both agriculture and electronic goods. Comparative advantages develop from many factors such as natural resources, availability and relative effectiveness of factors of production, and the state of technology. These can also change over time, which is why the organization of a country's trade could change over time. A labor-intensive country that has fertile soil and a good climate for growing would have a comparative advantage in producing agricultural goods. An underdeveloped country may not have fully utilized resources due to shortages in capital, under developed technology, and a small economy size. International Trade is able to help these countries develop changes in the division...

Empress Wu Zetian of Tang and Zhou

Empress Wu Zetian of Tang and Zhou Like so many other strong female leaders, from Catherine the Great to the Empress Dowager Cixi, Chinas only female emperor has been reviled in legend and history.  Yet Wu Zetian was a highly intelligent and motivated lady, with a strong interest in government affairs and literature.  In 7th century China, and for centuries afterward, these were considered inappropriate topics for a woman, so she has been painted as a murderer who poisoned or strangled most of her own family, a sexual deviant, and a ruthless usurper of the imperial throne.  Who was Wu Zetian, really? Early Life The future Empress Wu was born in Lizhou, now in Sichuan Province, on February 16, 624.  Her birth name probably was Wu Zhao, or possibly Wu Mei.  The babys father, Wu Shihuo, was a wealthy timber merchant who would become a provincial governor under the new Tang Dynasty.  Her mother, Lady Yang, was from a politically important noble family.   Wu Zhao was a curious, active girl.  Her father encouraged her to read widely, which was quite unusual at the time, so she studied politics, government, the Confucian classics, literature, poetry, and music.  When she was about 13, the girl was dispatched to the palace to become a fifth rank concubine of the Emperor Taizong of Tang.  It seems that she likely did have sexual relations with the Emperor at least once, but she was not a favorite and spent most of her time working as a secretary or lady in waiting.  She did not bear him any children. In 649, when Consort Wu was 25 years old, Emperor Taizong died.  His youngest son, 21-year-old Li Zhi, became the new Emperor Gaozong of Tang.  Consort Wu, since she had not borne the late emperor a child, was sent to Ganye temple to become a Buddhist nun.   Return From the Convent Its not clear how she accomplished the feat, but the former Consort Wu escaped from the convent and became a concubine of Emperor Gaozong.  Legend holds that Gaozong went to the Ganye Temple on the anniversary of his fathers death to make an offering, spotted the Consort Wu there, and wept at her beauty.  His wife, Empress Wang, encouraged him to make Wu his own concubine, to distract him from her rival, Consort Xiao. Whatever actually happened, Wu soon found herself back in the palace.  Although it was considered incest for a mans concubine to then pair up with his son, Emperor Gaozong took Wu into his harem around 651.  With the new emperor, she was a much higher rank, being the highest of the second rank concubines.   Emperor Gaozong was a weak ruler and suffered an illness that frequently left him dizzy.  He soon became disenchanted with both Empress Wang and Consort Xiao and began to favor Consort Wu.  She bore him two sons in 652 and 653, but he had already named another child as his heir apparent.  In 654, Consort Wu had a daughter, but the infant soon died of smothering, strangulation, or possibly natural causes.   Wu accused Empress Wang of the babys murder since she had been the last to hold the child, but many people believed that Wu herself killed the baby in order to frame the Empress.  At this remove, it is impossible to say what really happened.  In any case, the Emperor believed that Wang murdered the little girl, and by the following summer, he had the empress and also Consort Xiao deposed and imprisoned.  Consort Wu became the new empress consort in 655. Empress Consort Wu In November of 655, Empress Wu allegedly ordered the execution of her former rivals, Empress Wang and Consort Xiao, to prevent Emperor Gaozong from changing his mind and pardoning them.  A blood-thirsty later version of the story says that Wu ordered the womens hands and feet chopped off, and then had them thrown into a large wine barrel.  She reportedly said, Those two witches can get drunk down to their bones.  This ghoulish story seems likely to be a later fabrication. By 656, Emperor Gaozong replaced his former heir apparent with Empress Wus eldest son, Li Hong.  The Empress soon began to arrange for the exile or execution of government officials who had opposed her rise to power, according to traditional stories.  In 660, the sickly Emperor began to suffer from severe headaches and loss of vision, possibly from hypertension or a stroke.  Some historians have accused the Empress Wu of having him slowly poisoned, though he had never been particularly healthy. He began to delegate decisions on some government matters to her; officials were impressed with her political knowledge and the wisdom of her rulings.  By 665, Empress Wu was more or less running the government. The Emperor soon began to resent Wus increasing power. He had a chancellor draft an edict deposing her from power, but she heard what was happening and rushed to his chambers.  Gaozong lost his nerve and ripped up the document.  From that time forward, Empress Wu always sat in on imperial councils, although she sat behind a curtain at the back of Emperor Gaozongs throne. In 675, Empress Wus eldest son and the heir apparent died mysteriously.  He had been agitating to have his mother step back from her position of power, and also wanted his half-sisters by Consort Xiao to be allowed to marry.  Of course, traditional accounts state that the Empress poisoned her son to death, and replaced him with the next brother, Li Xian.  However, within five years, Li Xian fell under suspicion of assassinating his mothers favorite sorcerer, so he was deposed and sent into exile.  Li Zhe, her third son, became the new heir apparent. Empress Regent Wu On December 27, 683, the Emperor Gaozong died after a series of strokes.  Li Zhe ascended the throne as Emperor Zhongzhong.  The 28-year-old soon started to assert his independence from his mother, who was given regency over him in his fathers will despite the fact that he was well into adulthood.  After just six weeks in office (January 3 - February 26, 684), Emperor Zhongzhong was deposed by his own mother, and placed under house arrest. Empress Wu next had her fourth son enthroned on February 27, 684, as the Emperor Ruizong.  A puppet of his mother, the 22-year-old emperor did not exert any actual authority.  His mother no longer hid behind the curtain during official audiences; she was the ruler, in appearance as well as fact.  After a reign of six and a half years, in which he was virtually a prisoner within the inner palace, Emperor Ruizong abdicated in favor of his mother.  Empress Wu became Huangdi, which is usually translated in English as emperor, although it is gender-neutral in Mandarin. Emperor Wu In 690, Emperor Wu announced that she was establishing a new dynastic line, called the Zhou Dynasty.  She reportedly used spies and secret police to root out political opponents and have them exiled or killed.  However, she was also a very capable emperor and surrounded herself with well-chosen officials.  She was instrumental in making the civil service examination a key part of the Chinese imperial bureaucratic system, which allowed only the most learned and talented men to rise to high positions in government. Emperor Wu carefully observed the rites of Buddhism, Daoism, and Confucianism, and made frequent offerings to curry favor with higher powers and retain the Mandate of Heaven.  She made Buddhism the official state religion, placing it above Daoism.  She also was the first female ruler to make offerings at the sacred Buddhist mountain of Wutaishan in the year 666.   Among the ordinary people, Emperor Wu was quite popular.  Her use of the civil service examination meant that bright but poor young men had a chance to become wealthy government officials.  She also redistributed land to ensure that peasant families all had enough to feed their families, and paid high salaries to government workers in the lower ranks. In 692, Emperor Wu had her greatest military success, when her army recaptured the four garrisons of the Western Regions (Xiyu) from the Tibetan Empire.  However, a spring offensive in 696 against the Tibetans (also known as Tufan) failed miserably, and the two leading generals were demoted to commoners as a result.  A few months later, the Khitan people rose up against the Zhou, and it took nearly a year plus some hefty tribute payments as bribes to quell the unrest. The imperial succession was a constant source of unease during Emperor Wus reign.  She had appointed her son, Li Dan (the former Emperor Ruizong), as the Crown Prince.  However, some courtiers urged her to choose a nephew or cousin from the Wu clan instead, to keep the throne in her own bloodline instead of that of her late husband.  Instead, Empress Wu recalled her third son Li Zhe (the former Emperor Zhongzong) from exile, promoted him to Crown Prince, and changed his name to Wu Xian. As Emperor Wu aged, she began to rely increasingly on two handsome brothers who were allegedly also her lovers, Zhang Yizhi and Zhang Changzong.  By the year 700, when she was 75 years old, they were handling many of the affairs of state for the Emperor.  They had also been instrumental in getting Li Zhe to return and become Crown Prince in 698. In the winter of 704, the 79-year-old Emperor fell seriously ill.  She would see nobody except for the Zhang brothers, which fueled speculation that they were planning to seize the throne when she died.  Her chancellor recommended that she allow her sons to visit, but she would not.  She pulled through the illness, but the Zhang brothers were killed in a coup on February 20, 705, and their heads were hung from a bridge along with three of their other brothers.  The same day, Emperor Wu was forced to abdicate the throne to her son. The former Emperor was given the title of Empress Regnant Zetian Dasheng.  However, her dynasty was finished; Emperor Zhongzong restored the Tang Dynasty on March 3, 705.  Empress Regnant Wu died on December 16, 705, and remains to this day the only female to rule imperial China in her own name. Sources Dash, Mike.  The Demonization of Empress Wu, Smithsonian Magazine, August 10, 2012. Empress Wu Zetian: Tang Dynasty China (625 - 705 AD), Women in World History, accessed July 2014. Woo, X.L. Empress Wu the Great: Tang Dynasty China, New York: Algora Publishing, 2008.

Efficient market theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Efficient market theory - Essay Example This information may make them perceive that a stock may rise or its price may decline and they may take decisions accordingly. Efficient market theory is of the idea that individuals within the market have similar information and rejects the idea that different individuals may have different information. This even means that the investor that first receives the information will benefit more than those who have received the information later. For example: some investors of the stock market receives information that the sales of Procter & Gamble have increased by 100% as compared to the figures of last year. As a result of this the trader may end up purchasing the stock. If the trader had received this information later as compared to other traders, then the trader may not have purchased the stock at the right price since other traders may have already purchased the stock and the stock prices may have

Analysis of Quantitative Research Study Article

Analysis of Quantitative Research Study - Article Example The fall incidence rates were 1.5% (95% CI: 0.9–2.6) and 0.4% (95% CI: 0.2–1.1) in the control and intervention groups, respectively. The relative risk estimate of 0.29 (95% CI: 0.1–0.87) favours the intervention group. In conclusion the study showed that targeted multiple interventions were effective in reducing the incidences of falls in patients in the acute care setting. A randomized prospective design was implemented at one acute care hospital in Singapore between April 2005 and December 2006. They compared the effectiveness of two interventions (targeted multiple interventions with usual care versus usual care only) on patients identified as high-risk for falls over 8 months. Newly admitted patients from medical, surgical, oncology, orthopedic and gynaecology wards participated. Inclusion criteria were age of 18 years or older, and agreement to participate in the study. Patients were excluded if they were in the study wards before the start of the study, or if they had fallen before the fall-risk assessment was carried out. The study used a falls assessment tool to identify patients at risk for falls. Those who had scores of 5 and above using the Hendrich II Fall Risk Model were recruited into the study. The Hendrich II Fall Risk Model used in this study had been validated on 5489 patients in this setting (Ang et al. 2007). The study showed that the Hendrich II Fall Risk Model showed the best balance of sensitivity (70%, 95% CI: 57.5–80.1) and specificity (61.5%, 95% CI: 60.2–62.8). The accuracy of the Hendrich II Fall Risk Model at the published cut-off point, measured using Area under the Curve (AUC), was 73%. The researchers used incidence of falls as a measurement of the outcome in this study. Patients’ occurrence falls information was retrieved from the entries made by the ward nurses into the hospital eHOR system. On top of these, it is the research nurses that screened and enrolled the patient into the study. The ward

The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Steroids Philosophy Essay

The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Steroids Philosophy Essay Youre looking at a muscle fitness magazine and as you flip through each page you see more and more of these massive guys and the only thing you can think about is being just like them. It isnt a mystery to anyone how their muscles became so enlarged, and the only thing stopping you from trying to reach their extreme is the fact that the stimulants they used were steroids. Fear of steroids does not result because of the word itself that can haunt ones mind or that the knowledge of the use of steroids can have negative impacts on your body. It is the fact that the use of these drugs are illegal and just because of this restriction, it makes it that much harder to trust these types of drugs. Every body builder wishes that steroids were legal in the sense of recreational use. For a drug that has so many positives uses its hard to believe that it is labeled as a negative and unhealthy supplement due to the fact that once someone says it is bad everyone jumps on the band wagon on how it is possibly terrible for your body. But for someone to really take sides on either yes or no to steroids you have to know what they actually are. Steroids are synthetic substances that are very similar to the male sex hormone testosterone. They help increase the amount of testosterone and/or hormone level that the body produces so that the muscle is able to increase in size and gain new levels of strength (Lukas, 7). The fact of it all is that this supplement that everyone knows as steroids or also known as; roids, juice, fat chick, balls, and gears, is beneficial for any male. People just see the negative side effects and assume that this drug might be so harmful that it has been labeled as the cursed drug that gives you the Hercules body mixed with Godzillas rage. But in actuality, steroids are not this devastating drug that people have labeled it as; they are a supplement that helps push every male to godly limits where all bounds are broken and the sky is the limit when it comes t o working out and improving their bodies. Not only do steroids help people enhance their natural limits, but they can also act as an alternative pain reliever for joints and muscle spasms. Making steroids legal will not only allow users to continue transforming their bodies into their ideal shape but in addition, legalizing steroids will also make them safer to buy by avoiding a middle man who could potentially tamper with the product, and would also allow the government to make a profit by taxing a product that is in extremely high demand. Despite all the negative views on these supplements it actually has numerous benefits. The benefits that steroids offer to competitors in the bodybuilding world are plentiful.   Bodybuilders use anabolic steroids to build muscle mass, reduce fatigue and enhance performance, allowing many to perform tirelessly at the most physically demanding time of their training.   Not only can these drugs help a person become more aggressive at the gym, but also run faster and increase their endurance level to a higher capacity.   When coupled together in a cycle of doses, steroids make it possible to achieve amazing results that otherwise would have not been possible. Steroids thus seem to speed up the natural process of building muscles that happens with vigorous exercise. They are believed to produce this effect by blocking the breakdown of muscle tissue, which occurs in straining exercise. Instead the chemical balance of the muscles is altered and muscle tissue growth increases. In addition steroids also improve the use of the proteins in foods using their amino acids as building blocks for new muscle tissue (Silverstein, 35). There are two main steroids out in the market help improve someones body image. First they can help slim down a person so that they have no fat and become what people consider ripped. In addition, they can also help increase the weight and mass of a user by substantial gains. With the two different ways of receiving steroids, either by pills or injections, ones options are plentiful. As people begin to look into the benefits of steroids they wish to be able to access these gains but there is one problem that stops them from getting the results that they wish for. This one little detail is the fact that steroids are illegal and that to obtain them you have to get them in illegal ways or under the counter. Under the counter refers to getting a product, in this case steroids, through the black market without a prescription or in other words illegally. In most cases if you really wanted a steroid, buying from under the counter is not a problem. However, in actuality, there are a lot of black holes that can leave many mysteries on what you are really getting. Meaning that in some cases you may have to buy steroids from a dealer that you dont know, and what you are receiving may not be the real thing. It is possible that what you are paying for can be something even more dangerous or completely harmless. In some cases you dealers could sell you what is known as a sugar pill and cause the placebo effect, which results in your mind believing that youre getting gains but in reality you have just tricked your body in what to believe. If the government would make steroids legal, they would be able to regulate and control what a person is buying and guarantee that the product someone receives is in fact a real steroid and not just a regular sugar pill or serum or something more harmful. This would make the buyer feel more confident in their purchase by knowing that it is safe to use and that they are doing it legally. Not only will this make the consumer feel more secure on what they are buying and ingesting, but it would also make it possible for the government to tax steroids, so everybody wins. The most popular perspective on steroids is what has been said again and again for years; that the use of them increases muscle size and mass beyond belief but that they are harmful and bad for ones body and can have negative effects in the long run. However, what people do not know is that steroids can be extremely beneficial to health patients who are in dire need of medical help. The benefits of steroids are not limited to athletes and bodybuilders but also to medical patients. Some medical treatments that use steroids as a major stimulate throughout the recovery process are: Extensive treatment of various forms of cancer and other muscle deteriorating diseases, treatment of Bells palsy and facial paralysis attacks, treatment of Alzheimers Disease, treatment of hormonal disorders, asthma and kidney problems(Lukas,47). Other cases where steroids are used in medical treatment is for testicular cancer patients that often require the removal of the testes in men. After surgery, these men are prescribed oral anabolic steroids to replace the testosterone that their bodies are no longer able to naturally produce. This maintains their secondary sexual characteristics. In other cases anabolic steroids in high doses are given to transsexual women who wish to be permanently masculinized. Even though steroids are used to help benefit people in the medical sense, this helps shows how they are not all bad and that they are beneficial and can help solve many problems. In addition, the medical uses show that the many positives outweigh the negatives of what people believe might happen when taking steroids. Steroid is a word that we all know is bad with no good coming from it. A drug that has killed many men and destroyed many homes, lives and bodies. A cheap way to build a quick body that a true body builder took five years to get and an abuser can form in 1-2 years with the help of steroids. People inject like it doesnt matter what their putting in their body and they dont care what the side effects are. It doesnt matter how quick you want to hit the high level on bench or what you think your gains will be but in the long run you will end up killing every single organ in your body and in the end have your body just shut down on you. People think that the side effects will not affect them. That they take too much care of themselves and carefully watch how much dosage they take. But it doesnt matter. In the end, the side effects of these potentially deadly drugs will be devastating. Some of the most common side effects that may occur is the destruction of your muscles, this is due to th e fact that you are gaining so much mass and strength that you biceps and tendon cant keep up and thus basically explode after all the buildup of mass. Another negative effect of steroids includes impairment of the immune system. Unfortunately most users and even doctors are not able to detect this happening in the users body until after the cycle is over. For all people involved in body building or any sport for that matter, its critical to your success to protect your immune system but steroids help shut down your system. The effects of steroids will in the end help cause more pain than anything and are not worth the effort and money to take. This all may be true about steroids. That there are side effects devastating to the body but like everything if you use and abuse of course there will be terrible side effects. Every product you can possible get, can end up doing harmful things to you, from aspirin to cell phones. Just look at the typical cell phones, it has been proven that if you over use your cell phone and abuse it, it can cause brain tumors and health issues. If you understand how to take the right amount of dosage of steroids and properly alternate cycles, then it is very rare to obtain theses side effects. Like everything, when you dont use and abuse you will be fine. Everything in life has its limits and the people who abuse steroids are the ones who set the stereotypical image of steroid users and give it a bad reputation. Steroids in some opinions should stay illegal and in the sports sense they should, but when it comes in term of the recreational use the government should legalize steroids so that it would be possible to purchase them. In doing this, it would make it safer and better for the user to obtain steroids without the need of second guessing them self if what they are buying is really a true steroid. Along with all the benefits that come from steroids such as users who wish to reach past their natural limits, and the fact that doctors use steroids for medical reasons, shows that it is safe and useful and cannot cause extremely bad effects. It isnt about how you over use steroids, its how you use them to benefit you and hopefully one day the government will legalize this supplement so that it is possible for any person to use them.

Examine the View That the Nuclear Family Is Universal

Examine the view that the nuclear family is universal /25 Sociologists are fascinated by how society is changing, they believe to some extent the family enables them to see how order has come about. Murdock suggested that the nuclear family is universal. He defined the nuclear family as ‘a social group characterised by common residence, economic, cooperation and reproduction. It includes adults of both sexes, at least two of whom maintain a socially approved sexual relationship, and one or more children, own or adopted, of the sexually cohabiting adults. This is because it fulfils four basic functions that help society and its individual members these functions being sexual, reproductive, economic and educational functions within the family. Murdock’s view on the family being universal has been challenged by various sociologists as they argue Murdock’s definition of the nuclear family cannot be applied to families around the world due to it being restrictive.In 19 49, Murdock took a sample of 250 societies in his study Social Structure. Murdock was writing in the 1940’s and therefore the view of the family being universal was most acceptable as it had fit to the norm of society at that time. Two people of opposite sexes who lived together to support their family and provide the emotional and financial needs was the nuclear family seen to be a universal socially accepted view.The sexual function within the family provides stability for the adults, husband and wife have the right of sexual access with each other, allowing the family to strengthen and provide sexual gratification for spouses. The reproductive function of the family is the family being able to produce the next generation of individual’s s for society. The economic function means the mother and father are able to provide the essential needs for the family which include of food and shelter.Lastly, the educational function within the nuclear family, this is when the fa mily socialise the young into accepting the shared norms and values within society. Kathleen Gough disagreed with Murdock’s theory of the nuclear family and defined marriage as a relationship between a woman and one or more persons in which a child born to the woman ‘is given full birth-status rights’ common to normal member of society. In 1959, Gough researched into the Nayar society. Nayar girls were ritually married to a suitable Nayar man according to the Tali rite.According to this rite husbands did not live or take responsibility for the wife and children, the woman’s only responsibly to the man however was to mourn for his death. Men were allowed to have an unlimited number of sandbanham wives whilst the woman was limited to no more than twelve. Gough’s study can be seen as reliable to an extent that nuclear families are not in fact universal, the sandbanham husbands have no duty to their wives and children and therefore do not play the †˜fatherly’ role and therefore do not help socialise the child.This would mean Murdock’s educational and economical functions of the family are not universal functions. Therefore Gough concluded from her study that the Nayar society was a matrilineal family meaning that the name of the family follows your mother’s  family tree  rather than the fathers. However, it still challenges Murdock’s view of the nuclear family being universal due to there being many different family groups around the world with different cultural views.Matrifocal (female-headed) and one-parent families are becoming more common in Britain today. Yanina Sheeran said that the female-carer core is the most basic family unit â€Å"the female-carer unit is the foundation of the single-mother family, the two parent family, and the extended family in it many forms. † Tiger and Shepher (1975) say that the active life of the family household is controlled by the women. Father-chil d interaction is often ‘managed’ by the mother.This is because the mother plays a bigger role essentially in the family household because women have the biological ability to have children, and also due to there being ideologies about motherhood such as the mother nurtures for the child and does everything she can to provide for her child. Gonzales in 1970 argued that the female headed families were a well organised social group which represented a positive adaption to the circumstances of poverty.Some households may not contain adults of both sexes; this is known as the gay or lesbian families. Lesbian families are more common as opposed to gay families this is due to the difficulties that gay men will have to adopt or be granted custody of the children whereas for the lesbian household, the woman is able to conceive a child and will have the mother’s right to look after her child. Callaban (1997) argues that gay or lesbian household should be seen as families r egardless of not being a male and female based parental family.The child either way will be educated and therefore socialised into the norms of values of society. However, the gay and lesbian household do represent a minority of families. Though there are many different cultural norms and values, the nuclear family can be said to be universal. Essentially the majority of countries within the world there are people of opposite sexes who live together and support each other and their family by providing the emotional and financial needs.

Essay about Violence on Television and Children, - 1302 Words

Violence is an everyday occurrence in our society. It affects adults and children but it has a greater impact on children. Children are more moldable and are greatly influenced by things they see and hear. More and more violence is becoming prevalent in daily lives. Children all over the world are becoming victims to the same violent acts they witness on TV and at home. Children fall victim to abuse and neglect at home and at school. Children are bombarded with violence from all angles. With the come of the 21st century violence is fueled by money, racism, drugs, and media. The easiest to change and regulate is media violence. You cannot turn on the news without hearing about a murder, rape, or death. Television shows and movies are†¦show more content†¦Also being a five year old, you have a wild imagination. With this imagination you pretend to be a cop killing bad guys, or a bank robber. Kids get these ideas from watching TV. Stated by Gerbner in a study on childrenâ€⠄¢s programs, â€Å"Childrens programs featured 18.6 violent acts per hour a decade ago and now have about 26.4 violent acts each hour â€Å"(Gerbner, 1990). To cut down on these acts police and superheroes could resolve it with words instead of violence. Doing this would help with conflict in school, instead of getting into a fight kids will solve their differences with more civil ways. Another facet to cut down on violent media is to regulate what kind of commercials are aired during kid based shows. The purpose of a movie trailer is to get people to see the movie, what good is advertising Terminator, James Bond, and Friday the 13th on Nick Jr and PBS. Some people are against regulating any kind of TV stating that it is censorship and that media violence is freedom of speech. As stated by a New York teacher, â€Å"Restricting violence in childrens programming should not be considered censorship, any more than is protecting children from exposure to pornography (Carlsson-Paige Levin, 1990). The next up and coming facet of media violence is video games. Video Games have revolutionized personal media entertainment. Video games allow anyone to be a World War II soldier or a racecar driver. InShow MoreRelatedThe Effects of Television Violence on Children1315 Words   |  6 Pages Shortly after a Boston television station showed a movie depicting teenagers dousing a derelict with gasoline and setting him afire, six youths attacked a woman and set her on fire in an identical manner. Several months later, NBC televised Born Innocent, a made-for-television- movie, which showed the sexual violation of a young girl with a broom handle. Three days after this program aired, a group of girls committed a similar attack on another 9-year-old girl (â€Å"Wild† A20). These are justRead MoreTelevision Violence and Its Effect on Children867 Words   |  4 PagesTelevision Violence and Its Effect on Children The children of today are surrounded by technology and entertainment that is full of violence. It is estimated that the average child watches from three to five hours of television a day! (Neilson 1993). Listening to music is also a time consuming pastime among children. With all of that exposure, one might pose the question, How can seeing so much violence on television and video games and hearing about violence in in music affect a childs behaviorRead MoreTelevision Violence and Children Essay1019 Words   |  5 PagesTelevision Violence and Children Thanks to the miracle of television the average American child watches 8,000 murders and 100,000 acts of violence before finishing elementary school (Early Concerns 113). Television violence is responsible for the increase in childhood violence. Watching violence is a popular form of entertainment, and watching it on television is the number one way that children are exposed to violence. Local news shows provide extensive converage of violent crimesRead MoreThe Effects Of Television Violence On Children1735 Words   |  7 Pageswatches approximately 23 hours of television weekly. Children spend more time watching TV than doing any other leisure activity. By the time they finish high school, most have spent more time in front of the TV than in the classroom (Strasburger, 1995). On average, a child will see 18,000 murders, robberies, bombings, assaults, and beatings in their years of watching television (Liebowitz, 1997). Not to mention all the food commercials. In today s society, the television is used for more than just entertainmentRead MoreThe Effects Of Television Violence On Children978 Words   |  4 PagesTelevision has become one of the most, if not the most, used form of entertainment for all ages. Every TV show has some kind of age limit whether it’s rated G or R, it’s not always easy for parents to moderate what their children are watching. Young children are very moldable, not only by the people around them, but what is on TV. I have conducted an experiment to see how much violence and aggression are in everyday television shows that children are likely to watch. I have watched three differentRead MoreThe Effects Of Television Violence On Children1552 Words   |  7 Pagesleisure 2.8 hours of television a day. There is the constant outcry from parents and teachers that children are growing to be television-obsessed zombies, or that the exposure to violence from their favorite shows are going to cause aggressive actions. But if that is true, then how is it th at we as adults are able to stop ourselves from murdering everyone we see, especially if we have so many television programs with violence as a feature? The effect that television violence has on us does not comeRead MoreThe Effects Of Television Violence On Children915 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Today violence is the gold of television. Violence has become a high demand by the viewers. The more violence equals more views which equals more demand. According to Hamilton (2002), â€Å"Children are not the target of advertisers on most violent programs. But their exposure to violent images can lead to social damages not factored into decisions about when to air programs and where to draw the line on content† (p. 18). The controversial debate that television violence influence children is nothingRead MoreEffects Of Television Violence On Children Essay1722 Words   |  7 PagesEffect of Television Violence Program on Children Now more and more violence television shows appear on the screen. A lot of television shows will remind that is available for certain range of audience. Of course, elementary school student, mostly watch cartoon. However, the television production people will add violence into the show. This study aimed to demonstrate the gender-specific impact of violence-oriented television cartoons for children, and to identify the behaviors demonstrating thisRead MoreThe Effects Of Television Violence On Children Essay1246 Words   |  5 PagesThis guest teaches your children to resolve conflicts through violence. The guest baby sits your kids and teaches them principles you don’t agree with. Does watching violence in TV is harmful for your children? Is it Ok to let the 2 year olds watch TV unsupervised? No says the American replacing baby sitters? Hypothesis: Extensive viewing of television violence causes children to behave in aggressive or harmful ways to others. Children model behavior they see in the media, she wrote in 1993. IfRead MoreEffects of Television Violence and Children3538 Words   |  15 PagesEffects of Television violence and Children Outline: I.THESIS STAEMENT: Although the television serves as a form of entertainment, when you abuse its use, and make it a habit to watch, it gives negative effects on the behavior of children especially in their brain’s development. II. PORPUSE OF THE RESEARCH III. INTRODUCTION IV. HIPOTHESIS amp; METHOD A. CHILDREN QUESTIONNAIRE 1. HOW IT CAN AFFECT VIEWER’S BEHAVIOUR 2. CHILDREN RESPONSES B. EFFECTS amp; RESULTS 1. NEGATIVE EFFECTS a. Behavior of

Civil Disobedience, By Ralph Waldo Emerson - 1148 Words

Civil disobedience this is how the internet defines it â€Å"The refusal to comply with certain laws or to pay taxes and fines, as a peaceful form of political protest†. The word explains it all disobeying in a Civil way. Many people have became famous for this for standing up for what they think is right. For example, Rosa Parks refusing to sit in the back of the bus, you can say that’s an act of civil disobedience she didn’t think it was right for her to sit in the back of the bus after a long day she disobeyed a law at that time but then we have a group of dumb people that think every law is wrong and its an act of civil disobedience. An example for this civil disobedience would be, people not obeying small laws like speeding, not paying taxes, small laws that to them they seem not right or not hurting anyone when broken. Maybe civil disobedShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Henry David Thoreaus Civil Disobedience By Ralph Waldo Emerson790 Words   |  4 Pages The individual should realize that he is part of a group that deprives him from acting according to his intuition. This idea is supported by Ralph Waldo Emerson’s essay Self-Reliance because Emerson praises the independent nature of the individual and urges the individual to break away from away from the conformist society. In his essay Civil Disobedience, Henry David Thoreau encourages the individual to challenge the authority of the government by breaking the laws that only reflect the will ofRead MoreHenry David Thoreau s Civil Disobedience And Ralph Waldo Emerson s Self Reliance2846 Words   |  12 Pagesthe transcendentalist movement is still alive in the modern day: as seen in our societies focus on individualism, nature and sensibility. This paper will discuss the ideas of transcendentalism through the work of Henry David Thoreau’s Civil Disobedience and Ralph Waldo Emerson’s Self Reliance by comparing both works finding similarities and differences between them. To truly understand the most important members of the transcendentalist movement, it is first important to understand the basic foundationsRead MoreEarly American Transcendentalism1204 Words   |  5 Pagesreligion and physical progression. During the early nineteenth century, Ralph Emerson, Henry Thoreau, and other radical individuals challenged the present day theories of values, ethics, and what it means to live life to the fullest (Timko). If early American transcendentalists were living among civilians today, would present day civilians think the earlier activists were radical and psychotic? During this time, Ralph Waldo Emerson wrote, â€Å"There are always two parties, the party of the Past and the partyRead MoreRalph Waldo Emersons Connection To Transcendentalism1223 Words   |  5 PagesI have chosen to write about a Massachusetts-born American poet and essayist Ralph Waldo Emerson who was part of the Transcendentalist movement which geared philosophical thinking that in volved viewing women as equal. Philip F. Gura, Transcendentalism and Social Reform, History Now, assessed May 14, 2017, https://www.gilderlehrman.org/history-by-era/first-age-reform/essays/transcendentalism-and-social-reform. Emerson s support for women s suffrage prompted him to write A Reasonable Reform toRead MoreNatural Justice : The Crux Of Transcendentalism And Abolitionism1651 Words   |  7 Pagesyears, with Nat Turner’s 1831 insurrection in Virginia being one of the most notable. Nevertheless, the law didn’t stop dissidents like John Brown in 1859 or Harriet Tubman from committing civil disobedience: in fact, such actions only strengthened the abolitionist movement and increased the likelihood of a civil war. Some of their supporters identified as transcendentalists, or writers and philosophers who believed that by looking to nature, a divine creation, society could solve its problems. InRead MoreEmerson Thoreau and Individualism in Society Essay1370 Words   |  6 PagesRalph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau are still considered two of the most influential writers of their time. Ralph Waldo Emerson, who was a lecturer, essayist, and poet, Henry David Thoreau is his stude nt, who was also a great essayist and critics. Both men extensively studied and embraced nature, and both men encouraged and practiced individualism and nonconformity. In Ralph Waldo Emersons essay Self Reliance and Henry David Thoreaus book Walden and essay Resistance to Civil GovernmentRead MoreTranscendentalism And Transcendentalism : Transcendentalism1589 Words   |  7 Pagesand 1860s, the movement known as Transcendentalism surfaced and soared. The Transcendentalist movement began as a physiological movement, which then influenced the literature of those who studied it, including its American literary founder, Ralph Waldo Emerson. Transcendentalism took place at the end of the Romanticism era and the beginning of the Realism time period, but it had its own distinct characteristics. Transcendentalists were known for believing in a new way of comprehending knowledge andRead MoreThe True Transcendentalist: Thoreau and Emerson775 Words   |  3 PagesWhen transcendentalism began to start two people played a major role Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau, but who is truly a transcendentalist. Ralph Waldo Emerson was born in Boston, Massachusetts on May 25, 1803. His father was a minister as well as seven of his male family members. He graduated from Harvard University at the age of eighteen. Then he taught school with his brother William for three years. Which Emerson was unhappy teaching so he decided to go and change his life.WhichRead MoreCivil Disobedience By Henry David Thoreau969 Words   |  4 Pagesindividuality of a person and his differing beliefs from the current societal opinions. This idea had a few articles written about it such as â€Å"Civil Disobedience† by Henry David Thoreau which in summary states that if you don’t agree with the society’s opinion, you should form your own and fight for it. Another writing about it is â€Å"Self Reliance† by Ralph Waldo Emerson which also basically states that you should follow your heart and not conform to society’s opinions. Both of these writings are ideas thatRead MoreRoman ticism Vs Transcendentalism795 Words   |  4 Pagesvery few Democratic ideals. The accepted ideals were soon forgotten in the case of the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850, as it was urged to partake in a Civil Disobedience, the refusal to comply to any given law as a peaceful protest against politics. The only political figure to be recognized and praised in the history of Transcendentalism by Ralph Waldo Emerson would be Abraham Lincoln, after the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863. Transcendentalism can easily be compared to any other movement, yet only